Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Reflex shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Reflex offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Reflex at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Reflex? Wrong! If the Reflex is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Reflex then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Reflex? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Reflex and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Reflex wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Reflex then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Reflex site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Reflex, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Reflex, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
A
reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) neuromuscular action elicited by a defined stimulus (physiology).Purves (2004).
Neuroscience: Third Edition. Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates, Inc. In most contexts, especially involving humans, a reflex action is mediated via the reflex arc (although this is not always true in other animals, or in more casual usage of the term 'reflex'.)
Mechanism
A
reflex action or
reflex is a biological
control system linking stimulation to response and mediated by a reflex arc. Reflexes can be
built-in or
learnt. For example, a person stepping on a sharp object would initiate the reflex action through the creation of a Pain and nociception Stimulus (physiology) within specialized sense receptors located in the skin tissue of the foot. The resulting stimulus would be transmitted through an
afferent nerve to the
spinal cord. This stimulus is usually processed by an interneuron to create an immediate response to nociception by initiating a
Muscular contraction to withdraw from the pain-producing object. This retraction would occur as the sensation is arriving in the brain and producing the subjective perception of pain, which would result in a more cognitive evaluation of the situation.
Reflexes are tested as part of a
neurological examination to assess damage to or functioning of the Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Reflexes may be trained, such as during repetition of motor actions during sport practice, or the linking of stimuli with
Autonomic nervous system during classical conditioning.
Reaction time
For a reflex, reaction time or latency is the time from the onset of a stimulus until the
organism responds.
In
humans, reaction time to
Vision stimuli is typically 150 to 300 milliseconds.
Human reflexes
. Note that this image includes an
interneuron in the monosynaptic patellar reflex for purposes of illustration.Reflex actions include:
Tendon reflexes and
stretch reflexes
The deep tendon reflexes provide information on the integrity of the central and peripheral nervous system. Generally, decreased reflexes indicate a peripheral problem, and lively or exaggerated reflexes a central one.
While the reflexes above are stimulated mechanically, the term H-reflex refers to the analogous reflex stimulated electrically, and
Tonic vibration reflex for those stimulated by vibration.
Reflexes involving cranial nerves
{| class="wikitable"|
Name ||
Sensory ||
Motor|-
| [Pupillary reflex || II || III
|-
| [Accommodation reflex || II || III
|-
| [Corneal reflex, also known as the [blink reflex || V || VII
|-
| [Caloric reflex test/[Vestibulo-ocular reflex || VIII || III, IV, VI +
|-
| [Gag reflex || IX || X
|}
Reflexes in infants only
Newborn babies have a number of other reflexes which are not seen in adults, referred to as
primitive reflexes. These include:
- Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
- Grasp reflex
- Hand-to-mouth reflex
- Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex
- Sucking
- Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR)
- Tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR)
Other reflexes
Other reflexes found in the human nervous system include:
Processes such as
Breath,
digestion, and the maintenance of the
Heart rate can also be regarded as reflex actions, according to some definitions of the term.
See also
References
A
reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) neuromuscular action elicited by a defined stimulus (physiology).Purves (2004).
Neuroscience: Third Edition. Massachusetts, Sinauer Associates, Inc. In most contexts, especially involving humans, a reflex action is mediated via the reflex arc (although this is not always true in other animals, or in more casual usage of the term 'reflex'.)
Mechanism
A
reflex action or
reflex is a biological control system linking
stimulation to
response and mediated by a
reflex arc. Reflexes can be
built-in or
learnt. For example, a person stepping on a sharp object would initiate the reflex action through the creation of a Pain and nociception
Stimulus (physiology) within specialized sense receptors located in the skin tissue of the foot. The resulting stimulus would be transmitted through an
afferent nerve to the spinal cord. This stimulus is usually processed by an interneuron to create an immediate response to nociception by initiating a
Muscular contraction to withdraw from the pain-producing object. This retraction would occur as the sensation is arriving in the brain and producing the subjective perception of pain, which would result in a more
cognitive evaluation of the situation.
Reflexes are tested as part of a neurological examination to assess damage to or functioning of the
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Reflexes may be trained, such as during repetition of motor actions during sport practice, or the linking of stimuli with Autonomic nervous system during classical conditioning.
Reaction time
For a reflex, reaction time or latency is the time from the onset of a stimulus until the organism responds.
In humans, reaction time to Vision stimuli is typically 150 to 300 milliseconds.
Human reflexes
. Note that this image includes an
interneuron in the monosynaptic patellar reflex for purposes of illustration.Reflex actions include:
Tendon reflexes and stretch reflexes
The deep tendon reflexes provide information on the integrity of the central and peripheral nervous system. Generally, decreased reflexes indicate a peripheral problem, and lively or exaggerated reflexes a central one.
- Biceps stretch reflex (C5, C6)
- Brachioradialis reflex (C5, C6)
- Tricep reflex (C7, C8)
- Patellar reflex or knee-jerk reflex (L3, L4)
- Ankle jerk reflex (S1, S2)
- Plantar reflex or Babinski reflex (L5, S1, S2)
While the reflexes above are stimulated mechanically, the term
H-reflex refers to the analogous reflex stimulated electrically, and
Tonic vibration reflex for those stimulated by vibration.
Reflexes involving cranial nerves
{| class="wikitable"|
Name ||
Sensory ||
Motor|-
| [Pupillary reflex || II || III
|-
| [Accommodation reflex || II || III
|-
| [Corneal reflex, also known as the [blink reflex || V || VII
|-
| [Caloric reflex test/[Vestibulo-ocular reflex || VIII || III, IV, VI +
|-
| [Gag reflex || IX || X
|}
Reflexes in infants only
Newborn babies have a number of other reflexes which are not seen in adults, referred to as
primitive reflexes. These include:
Other reflexes
Other reflexes found in the human nervous system include:
Processes such as Breath,
digestion, and the maintenance of the
Heart rate can also be regarded as reflex actions, according to some definitions of the term.
See also
References
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